Nephritis

Nephritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the kidneys. This inflammation can impair the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, potentially leading to dangerous buildups of toxins in the body. Nephritis can range from mild to severe, and if untreated, it can progress to chronic kidney disease or even kidney failure.

Types of Nephritis
There are several forms of nephritis, each affecting different parts of the kidneys:

• Glomerulonephritis: Involves inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units inside the kidneys.
• Interstitial Nephritis: Affects the spaces between the kidney tubules, often due to infections or drug reactions.
• Lupus Nephritis: Caused by an autoimmune reaction, particularly in individuals with lupus.

Causes of Nephritis
The causes of nephritis vary depending on the type. Some common causes include:

• Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can trigger inflammation in the kidneys.
• Autoimmune disorders: Conditions like lupus or IgA nephropathy cause the immune system to mistakenly attack kidney tissues.
• Medications: Certain drugs, including antibiotics and painkillers, may lead to nephritis as a side effect.
• Toxins and chemicals: Exposure to harmful substances can also damage kidney tissues, leading to inflammation.

Symptoms of Nephritis
In its early stages, nephritis may not show obvious signs. As the condition progresses, common symptoms may include:

• Swelling (edema) in the face, legs, or hands
• Foamy or bubbly urine, which can indicate protein loss
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• High blood pressure
• Fatigue or weakness
• Pain in the lower back or side (near the kidneys)

Who is at Risk?
Nephritis can affect anyone, but certain factors increase the risk, such as:

• Autoimmune disorders like lupus or vasculitis
• Prolonged use of certain medications, especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• A history of recurrent infections
• Family history of kidney disease

How is Nephritis Treated?
The treatment of nephritis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Options include:

• Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids, may help reduce inflammation. If an infection is the cause, antibiotics will be prescribed.
• Immunosuppressants: In cases of autoimmune-related nephritis, immunosuppressive drugs may be necessary to control the immune system’s attack on the kidneys.
• Dietary changes: Limiting salt, protein, and fluid intake can help manage symptoms.
• Regular monitoring: Blood and urine tests are used to track kidney function and prevent further damage.